Copyright Office: Sorry, but you probably can’t protect your AI-generated art; Fast Company, June 30, 2023

JESUS DIAZ, Fast Company; Copyright Office: Sorry, but you probably can’t protect your AI-generated art

"Well, there’s nothing to see here, folks. You don’t need any of the generative AI tools in our weekly roundup because they will produce stuff you don’t really own. At least that’s what the United States Copyright Office (USCO) says. The federal agency doubled down on its AI doctrine during a recent webinar, labeling anything produced by AI as “unclaimable material.”

In other words, anything that comes out of an AI program can’t be protected under copyright law and will not be accepted even if it’s included in a work created by a human. So those extra trees and mountains you added to your landscape photo with Photoshop Firefly beta? They are not yours, sorry.”

Robert Kasunic of the USCO says, “The Office will refuse to register works entirely generated by AI. Human authorship is a precondition to copyrightability.” But it’s more complicated than that. As Petapixel reports, USCO will register your images if they are modified with AI, but you will have to declare which parts are made using AI, making them “unclaimable, essentially discounting them” from the copyright protection. Kasunic went on to say that USCO believes that using any AI to generate content is akin to giving instructions to a commissioned artist.

How will USCO enforce this policy in a world where generative AI work is practically undetectable? It’s a question that only has one obvious answer: LOL."

Overstock Sees a Future in Calling Itself Bed Bath & Beyond; The New York Times, June 28, 2023

 Jordyn Holman, The New York Times ; Overstock Sees a Future in Calling Itself Bed Bath & Beyond

"Overstock, which last week paid $21.5 million to acquire the bankrupt retailer’s intellectual property, said on Wednesday that it would start operating its website under the Bed Bath & Beyond name."

Libraries announces July workshops for scholarly communications, copyright; Penn State, June 29, 2023

Penn State ; Libraries announces July workshops for scholarly communications, copyright

"Beginning July 11, Penn State University Libraries will offer virtual workshops on scholarly communications and copyright topics for students, faculty and staff. The workshops include a two-part Introduction to Copyright, a session on Penn State’s open access policy, and a workshop about copyright for authors of theses and dissertations.

Registration is free but required for all workshops. To register, please follow the links listed with each session, or contact Ana Enriquez, scholarly communications outreach librarian, at enriquez@psu.edu."

U.S. Copyright Office Generative AI Event: Three Key Takeaways; IP Watchdog, June 29, 2023

 FRANKLIN GRAVES, IP Watchdog; U.S. Copyright Office Generative AI Event: Three Key Takeaways

"There’s a need for guidance and insight when it comes to the use of AI and ML technologies, including generative AI technologies, as evidenced by the more than 150 audience questions received during the live stream. The Office also noted that 1,500 people attended the virtual meeting. While the event focused exclusively on registration and protection of the output of generative AI tools, it’s important to remember there are additional issues along the entire lifecycle of generative AI.

At the end of the event, the USCO announced its next public webinar, “International Copyright Issues and Artificial Intelligence,” scheduled for July 26, 2023. The discussion will cover not only authorship but also training and infringement. Additionally, the event will feature leading international experts, including Columbia Law School’s Jane Ginsburg, the University of Sussex’s Andres Guadamuz, the University of Amsterdam’s Bernt Hugenholtz, and KU Leuven’s Luca Schirru, and the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya’s Raquel Xalabarder Plantada."

Authors Sue OpenAI Claiming Mass Copyright Infringement of Hundreds of Thousands of Novels; The Hollywood Reporter, June 29, 2023

WINSTON CHO, The Hollywood Reporter; Authors Sue OpenAI Claiming Mass Copyright Infringement of Hundreds of Thousands of Novels

"Another lawsuit has been filed against OpenAI over its unauthorized collection of information across the web to train its artificial intelligence chatbot, this time by authors who say ChatGPT infringes on copyrights to their novels.

The proposed class action filed in San Francisco federal court on Wednesday alleges that OpenAI “relied on harvesting mass quantities” of copyright-protected works “without consent, without credit, and without compensation.” It seeks a court order that the company infringed on writers’ works when it illegally downloaded copies of novels to train its AI system and that ChatGPT’s answers constitute infringement."

Generative AI’s Intellectual Property Problem Heats Up AIs producing art or inventions have to navigate a hostile legal landscape, and a consensus is far away; IEEE Spectrum, June 13, 2023

RAHUL RAO, IEEE Spectrum; 

Generative AI’s Intellectual Property Problem Heats Up  AIs producing art or inventions have to navigate a hostile legal landscape, and a consensus is far away

"Walsh and Alexandra George, a patent law scholar at the University of New South Wales, suggested future-proofing the patent system by sorting AI-generated inventions into a category they named “AI-IP.” Patents under AI-IP would last for less time than traditional patents and possibly give a share to AI model developers or training data owners.

But, especially in a future where AI becomes ubiqutious, any categorization method likely runs against a question, one with no consensus answer: What, if anything, separates a human creation from an AI creation?"

AI Can Actually Help Protect Creativity and Copyrights: Guest Post by Reservoir Music CEO Golnar Khosrowshahi; Variety, June 28, 2023

Golnar Khosrowshahi, Variety ; AI Can Actually Help Protect Creativity and Copyrights: Guest Post by Reservoir Music CEO Golnar Khosrowshahi

"Used correctly, AI can actually help us preserve and protect copyright — versus the present fear of usurping it. Through audio fingerprinting, AI tools that verify authorship in real time will help reduce the unnecessary litigation that can be based on subjective interpretations or human error. AI will also equip both owners and distributors of content (i.e. streaming services) with significant changes in how we classify and catalog music (e.g., the micro categories that we can use to further define characteristics and attributes of songs). Not only can we then better understand the music, but we can also be more efficient at micro licensing, delving into why listeners love what they love, both in the moment in the context of a trend, and over time when it comes to standards and classics...

In any event, we first need to make sure that the ingestion of copyrights that enable AI is adequately policed and paid for, which is where a lot of important discussion and focus is today.  Advocating for rights holders and copyright protection is a routine part of our business, and regardless of whether an infringer is human or artificial doesn’t change our steadfast mission in upholding creators’ rights...

I have faith that the creators who have built this industry will continue to be the human driving force behind the art and connections we experience. I have faith the tools will help propel those creators and rights holders to new heights. I have faith in the protection of copyright through policy and legislation, and I have faith in the industry’s historic precedence of uncharted progress and success achieved in the face of technologic disruption.

So to those who fear the AI invasion, I say: keep calm, meet it head on and create something totally new, as only we humans can."

Copyright Office Refuses to ‘Register Works Entirely Generated by AI’; Peta Pixel, June 28, 2023

 MATT GROWCOOT, PetaPixel; Copyright Office Refuses to ‘Register Works Entirely Generated by AI’

"The United States Copyright Office (USCO) has doubled down on its stance regarding artificial intelligence (AI), stating unequivocally that it will not register works generated entirely by AI.

In a webinar today, the Copyright Office states clearly that it views AI-generated content as “unclaimable material” ranking it alongside other unclaimable material such as previously published material, previously registered material, public domain material, and copyright material owned by another party. 

“The Office will refuse to register works entirely generated by AI,” says Robert Kasunic of the USCO. “Human authorship is a precondition to copyrightability.”

It means there is no change since March when the Office issued guidance where it likened text prompts to “instructions to a commissioned artist.” Essentially comparing them to a magazine editor hiring a photographer.

“Today’s webinar made a few things clear: 1) Appreciable Human Authorship is still the main requirement of copyrightability; 2) the USCO is expecting applicants to become much more comfortable with the procedure to disclaim materials,” says Thomas Maddrey of the American Media Society of Photographers (ASMP)."

International Copyright Issues and Artificial Intelligence; U.S. Copyright Office, Webinar: Wednesday, July 26, 2023, 11:00 a.m.–1:00 p.m. eastern time

 U.S. Copyright Office; International Copyright Issues and Artificial Intelligence Webinar

"The United States is not alone in facing challenging questions about artificial intelligence and its implications for copyright law and policy. On July 26, 2023, join the Copyright Office for a discussion on global perspectives on copyright and AI. Leading international experts will discuss how other countries are approaching copyright questions such as authorship, training, exceptions and limitations, and infringement. They will provide an overview of legislative developments in other regions and highlight possible areas of convergence and divergence involving generative AI.

This webinar is a part of the Copyright Office’s initiative to examine copyright law and policy issues raised by AI technology, including the scope of copyright in works generated using AI tools and the use of copyrighted materials in AI training. For more on copyright and AI, visit copyright.gov/ai.

Time: July 26, 2023, 11:00 a.m.–1:00 p.m. eastern time

Speakers:

• Jane Ginsburg, Columbia Law School
• Andres Guadamuz, University of Sussex
• Bernt Hugenholtz, University of Amsterdam
• Matthew Sag, Emory University School of Law
• Luca Schirru, KU Leuven
• Marcus von Welser, Vossius
• Raquel Xalabarder Plantada, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
• Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid, Ono Academic College
• Peter Yu, Texas A&M University School of Law"

US judge facing competency probe asks court to block her suspension; Reuters, June 27, 2023

Blake Brittain , Reuters; US judge facing competency probe asks court to block her suspension

"Judge Pauline Newman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit asked a Washington, D.C., district court on Tuesday for an order revoking her suspension from hearing cases amid an investigation into her competency and conduct.

The 96-year-old judge said in a court filing that her suspension without a misconduct finding is unconstitutional and repeated her argument that she is fit to serve, citing a recent neurological exam that she said "revealed no significant cognitive deficits.""

Colleagues want a 95-year-old judge to retire. She’s suing them instead.; The Washington Post, June 5, 2023

Rachel Weiner , The Washington Post; Colleagues want a 95-year-old judge to retire. She’s suing them instead.

"Newman’s refusal to quit on anyone else’s terms served her early in her career. Three decades after her mother marched for the right to vote, Newman decided she would be a doctor. No medical school accepted her. She went to graduate school at Yale for chemistry instead; no chemical firm would hire her except American Cyanamid. She was the only female research scientist there, and her bosses tried to force her into becoming a librarian until she threatened to walk out.

She would later receive her own patents for colorful, dirt-resistant synthetic fabric she helped invent. But after three years, Newman took her savings and bought a ticket on a boat to Paris, where she supported herself by mixing drinks on the Île Saint-Louis.

Six months later, “totally destitute,” Newman came back to the United States and found “a job that I knew no respectable scientist would take, and that was writing patent applications,” she told female law students at New York University in 2013. Soon, she was a patent lawyer. The next time she went to Paris, it was as a science policy specialist for the United Nations, again the only woman in her professional association. On her office desk sits a mug from a bar she could not enter during her time at NYU Law — it reads “Good ale, raw onions, and no ladies.”"

Using AI to Create a Work – Copyright Protection and Infringement; JD Supra, June 27, 2023

Amy Goldsmith, Janet Linn, Tarter Krinsky & Drogin LLP, JD Supra; Using AI to Create a Work – Copyright Protection and Infringement

"Requirements For Past and Current Copyright Applications

Applicants are now required to disclose in their applications any AI-generated content and provide a brief explanation of the human author’s contribution. Any AI-generated content that is more than a tiny portion of the work must be explicitly excluded.

Pending applications must be corrected to conform to the new regulations. Applicants will need to contact the Copyright Office’s Public Information Office should a pending application not adequately disclose any AI-generated content.

For works already registered containing AI-generated material, a supplementary registration will be required describing the original material created by the human author and disclaiming the AI-generated material. Works with sufficient human authorship will be issued a supplementary registration certificate with a disclaimer of the AI-generated content."

Taco John’s responds to Taco Bell’s Taco Tuesday lawsuit; CNN, June 26, 2023

 Jordan Valinsky, CNN; Taco John’s responds to Taco Bell’s Taco Tuesday lawsuit

"Last month, Taco Bell filed a petition with the US Patent and Trademark office to cancel the trademark owned by rival Taco John’s for 34 years because Taco Bell claims the commonly used phrase “should be freely available to all who make, sell, eat and celebrate tacos.” Since Taco John’s holds the trademark, other restaurants and companies must seek permission to use “Taco Tuesday” in branding and advertising.

The use of the phrase “potentially subjects Taco Bell and anyone else who wants to share tacos with the world to the possibility of legal action or angry letters if they say ‘Taco Tuesday’ without express permission from [Taco John’s] — simply for pursuing happiness on a Tuesday,” the original filing said.

In response, Taco John’s said it “has the right to enforce its trademark rights against infringers and those who want to infringe, including Taco Bell,” adding that it “denies that enforcing its trademark rights against infringers who seek to profit from the goodwill that Spicy Seasonings and its licensees … have created over the last forty-four years violates any American ideal.”"

Open Education Week shines light on implementing UNESCO OER Recommendation best practices; UNESCO, March 20, 2023

UNESCO; Open Education Week shines light on implementing UNESCO OER Recommendation best practices

"Background: OER Dynamic Coalition and Open Education Week

Following the adoption of the UNESCO OER Recommendation by Member States at the 40th Session of the UNESCO General Conference in November 2019, the OER Dynamic Coalition was formed. The Dynamic Coalition’s goal is to assists governments in implementing the OER Recommendation by promoting and strengthening international and regional cooperation among all stakeholders in the first four areas of the UNESCO OER Recommendation. 

Open Education Week began in 2012 as a collaborative, community-built open forum by Open Education Global. Every year, OE Week raises awareness and celebrates innovative open education successes around the world."

ChatGPT and Generative AI Are Hits! Can Copyright Law Stop Them?; Bloomberg Law, June 26, 2023

Kirby Ferguson, Bloomberg Law; ChatGPT and Generative AI Are Hits! Can Copyright Law Stop Them?

"Getty Images, a top supplier of visual content for license, has sued two of the leading companies offering generative AI tools. Will intellectual property laws spell doom for the burgeoning generative AI business? We explore the brewing battle over copyright and AI in this video. 

Video features: 

• Riddhi Setty, Bloomberg Law IP reporter
• Ian B. Crosby, Susman Godfrey partner
• Mark A. Lemley, Standford Law School professor of tech and IP law"

The Copyright Claims Board Celebrates Its First Year; Library of Congress Blogs, Copyright Creativity At Work, June 26, 2023

Holland Gormley,  Library of Congress Blogs, Copyright Creativity At Work; The Copyright Claims Board Celebrates Its First Year

"This month marks a full year since the Copyright Claims Board (CCB) became available to the public, providing an efficient, streamlined way to resolve copyright claims involving damages of up to $30,000. Over the past twelve months, the CCB has delivered on the Copyright Office’s Copyright for All goal to expand access to justice and to make the copyright system as understandable and accessible to as many members of the public as possible. Let’s break down some of our milestones and review how we have created a truly accessible copyright tribunal."

Fair use protection against copyright infringement claims just got smaller; Richmond Times-Dispatch, June 24, 2023

John Farmer , Richmond Times-Dispatch; Fair use protection against copyright infringement claims just got smaller

"Now, the borrowing artist must focus on whether the original work and the borrower’s rendition might be used for the same purpose. If the purposes are the same, such as artwork for a company’s blog post, and if the company is for-profit, there is a high risk that the borrowing isn’t fair use."

US cyber ambassador says China knows how to steal its way to dominance of cloud and AI; The Register, June 23, 2023

 Simon Sharwood, The Register; US cyber ambassador says China knows how to steal its way to dominance of cloud and AI

"China has a playbook to use IP theft to seize leadership in cloud computing, and other nations should band together to stop that happening, according to Nathaniel C. Fick, the US ambassador-at-large for cyberspace and digital policy.

Speaking at an event hosted by think tank Hudson Institute, Fick said 30 years ago democratic nations felt they had an "unassailable global advantage in telecoms" thanks to the strength of outfits like Ericsson, Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, Bell Labs, Alcatel and Lucent.

But he feels those titans became complacent, governments stopped watching the tech develop, and "I don't think we appreciated or acted on the reality that these technologies were going to be central to our geopolitical standing."

But China noticed. And it "executed a deliberate strategy of IP theft and government subsidies."

Webinar: Registration Guidance for Works Containing AI-generated Content; U.S. Copyright Office, Wednesday, June 28, 2023 2 PM EDT

 U.S. Copyright Office; Webinar: Registration Guidance for Works Containing AI-generated Content

"Breakthroughs in generative AI technology have prompted growing curiosity about the registrability of works containing AI-generated material. On June 28, 2023, join the Copyright Office to learn about how the Office evaluates applications to register these types of works. Experts will walk attendees through the Office’s March 2023 Registration Guidance: Works Containing Material Generated by Artificial Intelligence and answer some frequently asked questions. At the end of the presentation, attendees will have an opportunity to submit questions to the Office’s experts.

Time: June 28, 2023, 2pm ET

Speakers:

• Rob Kasunic, Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of Registration Policy and Practice
• Erik Bertin, Deputy Director of Registration Policy and Practice"

Mattel once sued over the ‘Barbie Girl’ song — before learning to love it; The Washington Post, June 23, 2023

 Jennifer Hassan, The Washington Post; Mattel once sued over the ‘Barbie Girl’ song — before learning to love it

"“Mattel lost all those cases and got the message,” Tushnet said. “These were important precedents protecting commentary at a time when the internet was just allowing people to reach larger audiences without traditional gatekeepers. Then the ‘Barbie Girl’ case confirmed that traditional, commercial media also had the freedom to parody and comment on well-known trademarks.”"

Fresh blow for Meghan Markle and Prince Harry as Archetypes patent bid fails amid Kate Middleton rumours; Scottish Daily Express, June 22, 2023

Douglas Dickie,  Scottish Daily Express; Fresh blow for Meghan Markle and Prince Harry as Archetypes patent bid fails amid Kate Middleton rumours

"Prince Harry and Meghan Markle have been dealt a fresh blow after an attempt to trademark their Archetypes podcast failed. The Sussexes had hoped to bag exclusive rights to the name as they look to find a new platform for it after splitting with Spotify.

But their hopes were dashed by the US Patent and Trademark Office which refused to grant the request due to potential confusion with an existing company. Meghan had produced just 12 episodes and a Christmas special of Archetypes for Spotify before the £18 million deal was ended...

However, it emerged that a trademark for Archetypes LLC already existed. An Arizonian firm claimed it in 2015 for use in a series of books and articles about "nutrition, fitness, sexuality, psychological self-improvement"."

British Museum Removes Writer’s Translations of Chinese Poetry After Being Accused of Copyright Infringement; ArtNews, June 21, 2023

Karen K. Ho,  ArtNews; British Museum Removes Writer’s Translations of Chinese Poetry After Being Accused of Copyright Infringement

"The British Museum has removed translations of poetry by a Chinese revolutionary from one of its exhibitions after a translator alleged that her work was used without permission or payment. 

Vancouver-based editor, poet, and translator Yilin Wang said she did not receive any credit or reimbursement for their translations when they appeared in “China’s Hidden Century,” which opened on May 18 and includes translations of poetry by Qiu Jin, a feminist and revolutionary that the New York Times dubbed “China’s Joan of Arc.”...

On June 21, the British Museum’s spokesperson sent ARTnews a statement that said, “Recently we realised that permissions and acknowledgement for a translation by Yilin Wang had been inadvertently omitted from our exhibition China’s hidden century. This was an unintentional human error for which the Museum has apologised to Yilin Wang.”

The statement confirmed that the museum listened to Wang’s request to take down their translations in the exhibition. “We have also offered financial payment for the period the translations appeared in the exhibition as well as for the continued use of quotations from their translations in the exhibition catalogue. The catalogue includes an acknowledgement of their work. We continue to be in discussion with Yilin Wang.”

The museum’s statement also called the criticism its staff has recently received on social media “unacceptable,” noting, “It is through their scholarship and efforts, and those of their collaborators, that we have been able to present this period of Chinese history, through people-centred stories, to the thousands visiting the China’s hidden century temporary exhibition at the British Museum. We stand behind our colleagues fully and request those responsible for these personal attacks to desist as we work with Yilin Wang to resolve the issues they have raised concerning the use of their translations within the exhibition.”"

‘Transformative’ journals get booted for switching to open access too slowly; Science, June 20, 2023

JEFFREY BRAINARD, Science; ‘Transformative’ journals get booted for switching to open access too slowly

"Two-thirds of the more than 2300 scientific journals participating in a program designed to flip them to open access (OA) failed to meet prescribed targets for progress in 2022. As a result, the Coalition S group of research funders behind the initiative announced today that it will remove these journals from the program at the end of the year. The funders will no longer pay the fees these journals charge authors for OA publication, although scholars may still publish OA articles in these titles if they pay using other funding sources."

Apple is trying to trademark depictions of actual apples; Mashable, June 19, 2023

 Cecily Mauran, Mashable; Apple is trying to trademark depictions of actual apples

"The ripple effects of Apple winning its legal battle would extend far beyond the tech world. The Fruit Union Suisse, a 111-year-old organisation, has a logo featuring a red apple with a white Swiss cross superimposed on it. But now the association could find itself in the position of having to change its logo because the FUS says Apple wants IP rights to all depictions of apples in general — not just the apple with the bite in it like Apple's iconic logo.

"We have a hard time understanding this, because it’s not like they’re trying to protect their bitten apple," Jimmy Mariethoz, director of FUS, said to Wired. "Their objective here is really to own the rights to an actual apple, which, for us, is something that is really almost universal … that should be free for everyone to use.""

Why Your Face Should Be a Trade Secret; University of Virginia School of Law, March 23, 2023

Mary Wood, University of Virginia School of Law; Why Your Face Should Be a Trade Secret

"Facial recognition technology is used to unlock phones, unlock doors of luxury homes and lock up criminals. It’s so powerful and rife with the potential to be misused that regulators should treat faces like trade secrets, says Professor Elizabeth A. Rowe on the season finale of “Common Law,” a podcast of the University of Virginia School of Law.

Rowe, one of the world’s leading experts on trade secrets and intellectual property, talks with hosts Dean Risa Goluboff and Professor Danielle Citron about her paper “Regulating Facial Recognition Technology in the Private Sector,” published recently in the Stanford Technology Law Review.

Rowe details not only how private corporations and governments are using facial recognition technology, but offers a glimpse at more extreme cases."

Reexamining "Fair Use" in the Age of AI; Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), June 5, 2023

Andrew Myers

,  Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI; Reexamining "Fair Use" in the Age of AI

"Most lay people haven’t given a second thought to the fact that most of the words and images in datasets behind artificial intelligent agents like Chat-GPT and DALL-E are copyrighted, but Peter Henderson thinks about it — a lot. 

“There’s a lot to think about,” says Peter Henderson, a JD/PhD candidate at Stanford University and co-author of the recent paper, Foundation Models and Fair Use, laying out a complicated landscape...

Establishing New Guardrails

Henderson does have some recommendations for coming to grips with this growing concern. The first guardrail is technical. The makers of AI can install fair use filters that try to determine when the generated work — a chapter in the style of J.K. Rowling, for instance, or a song reminiscent of Taylor Swift — is a little too much like the original and begins to infringe on fair use."

10 things to know about copyright and software; Lexology, June 20, 2023

Gowling WLG - Matt Hervey , Lexology; 10 things to know about copyright and software

"8. Other people can copy what your software does …

You can enforce your copyright against someone copying your code, not copying what your software does. Copyright protection only applies to "expression" not ideas and principles. Under UK and EU law, if someone has lawful access to your software (e.g. someone you have licensed to use it) they are entitled to study and test the way it functions to figure out (and copy) the ideas and principles underlying the software. In fact, any contractual provision to the contrary is null and void.

9. … so consider patent protection

Unlike copyright, patents grant you a 20-year monopoly over what your software does: you can stop other people doing the same thing and it does not matter whether they copied you or came up with the same idea independently. Getting patents for software is not straightforward and needs specialist advice on what is possible. You may also want to check if other people have patents covering what you want to do. Our Patents team can advise you on any challenges you face in a number of jurisdictions.

10. … and trade secrets 

Where patent protection is not possible or desirable, keeping the code and workings of your software secret may be the best option. Restrict access to source code (and AI-related assets such as training data, hyperparameters, models and outputs) with password protection, firewalls, access logs, etc. Use APIs to restrict third-party access to source or compiled code and considering restricting the throughput of access to your API (the performance of AI models can be partially reverse engineered quickly given unrestricted access to inputs and outputs).

Put in place training, policies and contractual terms with employees, contractors and collaborators for the protection, use and potential disclosure of trade secrets. Bake this into you IP strategy and procedures to benefit from the enforcement options for trade secrets and confidential information. Having good procedures helps to protect both your own secrets and third-party secrets entrusted to you … and to stop employees and contractors bringing unwanted third-party secrets into your business."

What AI can teach us about copyright and fair use; Freethink, May 8, 2023

Brandon Butler , Freethink; What AI can teach us about copyright and fair use

"So what have we learned? Copyright may protect authors in the first instance, but ultimately its role is to further the public good. Copyright regulates competition, but only in specific ways. Fair use is an essential bulwark against copyright literalism in the digital age. And finally, fair use can help technology to unlock free aspects of protected works. I can’t say, yet, whether I welcome our new robot overlords. I’m not even sure if they will be our overlords. But I have certainly appreciated the way that thinking about them has helped to sharpen my own thinking about copyright."

The Biden administration is endangering intellectual property rights; The Dallas Morning News, June 20, 2023

Frank Cullen, The Dallas Morning News; The Biden administration is endangering intellectual property rights

"Simply put, the waiver seeks to solve a problem that doesn’t exist.

What the waiver would do is quash the development of additional COVID-19 countermeasures, from lifesaving antiviral pills to rapid tests even more accurate than the ones we have. Firms currently investing in new COVID-19 tests and treatments will have no reason to continue their work if the IP rights for those products are preemptively nullified.

In the long term, an IP waiver would set a devastating precedent for U.S. innovators working to address crises far beyond COVID-19. Startups and inventors need secure intellectual property rights to raise funding and recoup their steep research and development costs, especially in America’s life sciences industry. New drugs often cost more than $2 billion and can take more than a decade to make it to market."

Judge Backs A&E in ‘Live PD’ Copyright Lawsuit; The Hollywood Reporter, June 19, 2023

 RICK PORTER, The Hollywood Reporter; Judge Backs A&E in ‘Live PD’ Copyright Lawsuit

"Failla wrote in her ruling that while individual elements of a show like Live PD, including live footage from law enforcement and analysis from in-studio hosts, aren’t eligible for copyright protection, “the particular selection and arrangement of the elements as a whole — namely, the mix of live police footage and in-studio commentary; the black screen displaying a message regarding a suspect’s innocence in white text each time the show begins or returns from a break; the red and blue lights to mirror police cars; the use of hosts Dan Abrams and Sgt. [Sean] Larkin, sitting around virtually identical tables with virtually identical mugs; the sequencing of the ‘Missing’ and ‘Crime of the Week’ segments and the guest on the ‘Missing’ segment; the positioning of the hosts; the specific and consistent camera angles used; and the following of specific police departments across weeks — considered together, are sufficiently creative to state a cognizable copyright claim.”"

EU votes for AI copyright disclosure in ‘first of a kind’ act; World Intellectual Property Review; June 15, 2023

Muireann Bolger World Intellectual Property Review; EU votes for AI copyright disclosure in ‘first of a kind’ act

"Transparency rules over copyrighted content used in training data increase risks for foundational AI developers| Landmark AI Act thought to be the first of its kind in the world"

Stan Lee said he was 'heartbroken' that he never copyrighted Marvel characters for himself; Insider, June 16, 2023

 Eammon Jacobs , Insider; Stan Lee said he was 'heartbroken' that he never copyrighted Marvel characters for himself

""I always resented the fact that when I wrote these stories, I never thought, 'Gee, I ought to try and copyright something myself and own it.' It always belonged to the company," said Lee. "So, from a business point of view, that was a mistake. I was heartbroken. There wasn't much I could do about it.""

Disfarmer heir, Little Rock museum argue over copyright; Arkansas Democrat Gazette, June 18, 2023

Bill Bowden , Arkansas Democrat Gazette; Disfarmer heir, Little Rock museum argue over copyright

"According to Stewart, the museum has no claim to the copyright because it has no document showing that the copyright was passed from Disfarmer or his heirs to the museum, or anyone else.

In the June 1 filing, Stewart's attorneys cited 17 U.S.C. § 204: "A transfer of copyright ownership, other than by operation of law, is not valid unless an instrument of conveyance, or a note or memorandum of the transfer, is in writing and signed by the owner of the rights conveyed or such owner's duly authorized agent.""

Generative AI is a minefield for copyright law; The Conversation, June 15, 2023

Robert Mahari JD-PhD Student, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Jessica Fjeld
Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School, Ziv Epstein PhD Student in Media Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), The Conversation; ; Generative AI is a minefield for copyright law 

"While copyright law tends to favor an all-or-nothing approach, scholars at Harvard Law School have proposed new models of joint ownership that allow artists to gain some rights in outputs that resemble their works.

In many ways, generative AI is yet another creative tool that allows a new group of people access to image-making, just like cameras, paintbrushes or Adobe Photoshop. But a key difference is this new set of tools relies explicitly on training data, and therefore creative contributions cannot easily be traced back to a single artist. 

The ways in which existing laws are interpreted or reformed – and whether generative AI is appropriately treated as the tool it is – will have real consequences for the future of creative expression."

The future of open educational resources; Community College Daily, April 27, 2023

James Glapa-Grossklag is dean of educational technology, learning resources and online education at College of the Canyons (California).

Una Daly is director of the Community College Consortium for Open Educational Resources (CCCOER) at Open Education Global, Community College Daily; The future of open educational resources

"The future of OER is that it will not be the next big thing, but rather that OER will be a common way for students to freely access information, a tool in the enrollment management toolkit, and a commitment to equitable outcomes and collaborative teaching."

Elon Musk called copyright a ‘plague on humanity’ and now he’s being sued for $250 million by music publishers who claim Twitter stole their content; Forbes, June 15, 2023

 RACHEL SHIN, Forbes; Elon Musk called copyright a ‘plague on humanity’ and now he’s being sued for $250 million by music publishers who claim Twitter stole their content

"A group of music companies is suing Twitter for over $250 million, claiming the platform has ignored many copyright violation notices. The coalition is composed of 17 music publishers, including such big names as Sony Music Publishing, Universal Music Corp., and Big Machine Music. One problem for Elon Musk in defending the lawsuit is that he’s said he considers copyright a “plague on humanity.”"

From Roald Dahl to Goosebumps, revisions to children’s classics are really about copyright – a legal expert explains; The Conversation, March 7, 2023

Cathay Smith, The Conversation ; From Roald Dahl to Goosebumps, revisions to children’s classics are really about copyright – a legal expert explains

"Over the past decades, authors, copyright owners and publishers have edited and updated children’s books. They have removed racial stereotypes, reflected changing gender and cultural norms and in doing so, maintained their books’ relevance and appeal to the modern reader.

Hugh Lofting’s The Story of Doctor Dolittle (1920), Dr. Seuss’s And To Think That I Saw It On Mulberry Street (1937), Helen Bannerman’s The Story of Little Black Sambo (1899), Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) and classic children’s books series such as Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew have all changed to keep up with increasing sensitivities to racial, gender and other social stereotypes...

Copyright law grants its holder the exclusive right to edit a copyrighted children’s book and the right to limit publication of a work. This means that during a book’s copyright term, the copyright holder has the right to make edits that maintain the book’s popularity and commercial viability. 

This is true even when an author no longer owns the copyright to their work. In those situations, the copyright holder generally has the right to make edits to the work even without the author’s consent, as Goosebumps author R.L. Stine recently discovered."